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Physical Computing



Computational Media


      Physical Computing

      Week 03





      Lab Activities

      Self-Graded Quiz


      Readings


      Related Videos






      Analog Outputs

      The Basics




      Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
      -> fake an analog voltage by producing a series of voltage pulses at regular intervals, and varying the width of the pulses

      -> PWM with a 50% duty cycle-> PWM with a 33% duty cycle







      LAB : Tone Output Using An Arduino

      - Frequency : the number of vibrations per second
      - Hertz (Hz) : frequency is measured in Hertz

      ex) 20 times a second = 20Hz
      - Period : the length of time it takes to move from rest through one back-and-forth motion

      ** frequency = 1 / period
      - How to make sound from an Arduino? -> Attach a speaker to an output pin and turn it on and off at a set frequency


      Prepare The Breadboard



      Connect the Sensors and the Speaker



      1. Check the Sensor Input Range


      -> I confirmed that the sensor input range was displayed as numerical values on the serial monitor

      2. Check that the Speaker Works


      -> A single tone was continuously played!

      3. Play Tones




      -> I confirmed that a higher-pitched tone was produced when the sensor was pressed





      More Complex Example


      -> This note codes are COOL🤩 (I now really want to make some musical instrument later)




      -> It worked!! 🥳 🎉 Cute :)





      Musical Instrument


      -> Each sensor was assigned a musical note, making it feel like the sensor became a piano key 🎹


      -> I used different keys from the example. Specifically, I used C4, D4, and E4 to produce the notes Do, Re, and Mi






      -> I found music that can be played using only the notes Do, Re, and Mi, and decided to try performing it. 
      ** This song is very famous children song in Korea, though I'm not sure if it's well-known in the U.S. 🤔



      -> It worked and it was fun!! 😆

      ** I wanted to create all eight musical notes from Do to Do and try a proper performance, but unfortunately, I only had three sensors, which was a bit disappointing...





      LAB : Servo Motor Control With An Arduino


      Prepare The Breadboard



      Connect An Analog Input Sensor And A Servor



      Programming Microcontroller



      -> I confirmed that the angle of the servo motor changes depending on the pressure applied to the sensor. I think I need to brainstorm how to apply this concept further. 🤔